MISSION BRIEF

Our Solar System

Eight planets. One star.
4.6 billion years in the making.

0 Planets
0 Known Moons
4.6B Years Old
THE STAR AT THE CENTER

Sun

A G-type main-sequence star containing 99.86% of the Solar System's total mass. Its core reaches 15 million degrees Celsius — hot enough to fuse 600 million tonnes of hydrogen into helium every second, releasing energy that will sustain life on Earth for another 5 billion years.

Diameter
1,391,000 km
Surface Temperature
5,500 °C
Core Temperature
15,000,000 °C
Age
4.6 billion years
Mass (vs Earth)
333,000 × Earth
Composition
75% H · 24% He
TERRESTRIAL · INNERMOST

Mercury

Scorched by day, frozen by night. The smallest planet endures temperature swings from 430°C at noon to −180°C at midnight — the solar system's most extreme range, with no atmosphere to buffer the violence. Heavily cratered, ancient, and unforgiving.

Distance from Sun
57.9M km
Orbital Period
88 Earth days
Diameter
4,879 km
Day Length
59 Earth days
Moons
0
Gravity (vs Earth)
0.38g
TERRESTRIAL · EARTH'S TWIN

Venus

Hell with clouds. A runaway greenhouse effect has made Venus the hottest planet at 465°C — hotter than Mercury despite being farther from the Sun. Its thick atmosphere of 96% CO₂ traps heat relentlessly, while clouds of sulfuric acid circle the globe. One day on Venus lasts longer than its year.

Distance from Sun
108.2M km
Orbital Period
225 Earth days
Diameter
12,104 km
Day Length
243 Earth days
Moons
0
Surface Pressure
92 × Earth
TERRESTRIAL · HABITABLE

Earth

The pale blue dot. The only confirmed harbor of life in the universe — a cosmic accident of distance, size, and chemistry. 71% of the surface is water. A magnetic field shields life from solar radiation. The Moon stabilizes our axial tilt. We are the lucky ones.

Distance from Sun
149.6M km
Orbital Period
365.25 days
Diameter
12,742 km
Day Length
24 hours
Moons
1 (The Moon)
Known Species
~8.7M
TERRESTRIAL · THE RED PLANET

Mars

Humanity's next frontier. Home to Olympus Mons — the solar system's tallest volcano at 22 km — and Valles Marineris, a canyon stretching the width of North America. Ancient riverbeds speak of a warmer, wetter past. The robots we've sent have been searching for what we lost.

Distance from Sun
227.9M km
Orbital Period
687 Earth days
Diameter
6,779 km
Day Length
24h 37m (Sol)
Moons
2 (Phobos, Deimos)
Gravity (vs Earth)
0.38g
GAS GIANT · THE KING

Jupiter

King of planets. So massive that Jupiter and the Sun orbit a common point in space that lies outside the Sun's surface — a barycenter in open space. Its Great Red Spot, a storm 1.3× the size of Earth, has raged for at least 350 years. A failed star. A protector. A wonder.

Distance from Sun
778.5M km
Orbital Period
11.9 Earth years
Diameter
139,820 km
Day Length
9h 56m
Moons
95 known
Mass (vs Earth)
317.8× Earth
GAS GIANT · THE RINGED

Saturn

The jewel of the solar system. Its rings span 282,000 km — wider than the distance from Earth to the Moon — yet are only 10 to 100 meters thick. Thinner, relative to their width, than a sheet of paper. So light in density that Saturn would float if you could find an ocean vast enough to hold it.

Distance from Sun
1.43B km
Orbital Period
29.5 Earth years
Diameter
116,460 km
Ring Span
282,000 km
Moons
146 known
Density vs Water
0.69 (would float)
ICE GIANT · SIDEWAYS

Uranus

The planet that rolls. Tilted 98° on its axis, Uranus orbits the Sun essentially on its side — likely the legacy of a catastrophic collision early in the solar system's history. During its 84-year orbit, each pole spends 42 years in continuous sunlight, then 42 years in complete darkness.

Distance from Sun
2.87B km
Orbital Period
84 Earth years
Diameter
50,724 km
Axial Tilt
97.8°
Moons
28 known
Composition
Water, Methane, Ammonia Ice
ICE GIANT · THE EDGE

Neptune

The wind champion. Winds on Neptune reach 2,100 km/h — the fastest in the solar system. So far from the Sun that sunlight takes over 4 hours to arrive. Yet its internal heat drives storms larger than Earth. One year on Neptune: 165 Earth years. Since its discovery in 1846, it has completed only one orbit.

Distance from Sun
4.5B km
Orbital Period
165 Earth years
Diameter
49,244 km
Wind Speed
2,100 km/h
Moons
16 known
Light Travel from Sun
4h 10m
BEYOND THE LAST PLANET

The Edge of
Everything

Past Neptune lies the Kuiper Belt — an icy ring hosting Pluto and thousands of other bodies. Further still, the scattered disc. Then the Oort Cloud: a vast, spherical shell of icy objects extending up to 100,000 AU from the Sun — nearly a quarter of the way to the nearest star. Two Voyager probes are out there right now, still transmitting.

Kuiper Belt
30–50 AU
Heliopause
~123 AU
Oort Cloud
2,000–100,000 AU
Proxima Centauri
268,770 AU

Voyager 1 is currently ~23.9 billion km from Earth — the farthest human-made object in existence, still sending signals home.

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